Industry refers to the production of an economic good or service within an economy.

Industrial sectors

There are four key industrial economic sectors: the primary sector, largely raw material extraction industries such as mining and farming; the secondary sector, involving refining, construction, and manufacturing; the tertiary sector, which deals with services (such as law and medicine) and distribution of manufactured goods; and the quaternary sector, a relatively new type of knowledge industry focusing on technological research, design and development such as computer programming, and biochemistry. A fifth, ''quinary'', sector has been proposed encompassing nonprofit activities. The economy is also broadly separated into public sector and private sector, with industry generally categorized as private. Industries are also any business or manufacturing. Industries can be classified on the basis of raw materials,size and ownership.

Raw Materials: Industries may be agriculture based, Marine based, Mineral based, Forest based.

Size: It refers to the amount of capital invested, number of people employed and the volume of production.

Ownership: Industries can be classified into private sector, state owned or public sector, joint sector and co-operative sector

Industry in the sense of manufacturing became a key sector of production and labour in European and North American countries during the Industrial Revolution, which upset previous mercantile and feudal economies through many successive rapid advances in technology, such as the steel and coal production. It is aided by technological advances, and has continued to develop into new types and sectors to this day. Industrial countries then assumed a capitalist economic policy. Railroads and steam-powered ships began speedily establishing links with previously unreachable world markets, enabling private companies to develop to then-unheard of size and wealth. Following the Industrial Revolution, perhaps a third of the world's economic output is derived from manufacturing industries—more than agriculture's share.

Many developed countries and many developing/semi-developed countries (People's Republic of China, India etc.) depend significantly on industry. Industries, the countries they reside in, and the economies of those countries are interlinked in a complex web of interdependence.

Industry is divided into four sectors. They are:

!Sector	!Definition
Primary	This involves the extraction of resources directly from the Earth, this includes farming, mining and logging. They do not process the products at all. They send it off to factories to make a profit.
Secondary	This group is involved in the processing products from primary industries. This includes all factories—those that refine metals, produce furniture, or pack farm products such as meat.
Tertiary	This group is involved in the provision of services. They include teachers, managers and other service providers.
Quaternary	This group is involved in the research of science and technology. They include scientists.

As a country develops people move away from the primary sector to secondary and then to tertiary.

There are many other different kinds of industries, and often organized into different classes or sectors by a variety of industrial classifications.

Industry classification systems used by the government commonly divide industry into three sectors: agriculture, manufacturing, and services. The primary sector of industry is agriculture, mining and raw material extraction. The secondary sector of industry is manufacturing. The tertiary sector of industry is service production. Sometimes, one talks about a quaternary sector of industry, consisting of intellectual services such as research and development (R&D).

Market-based classification systems such as the Global Industry Classification Standard and the Industry Classification Benchmark are used in finance and market research. These classification systems commonly divide industries according to similar functions and markets and identify businesses producing related products.

Industries can also be identified by product: chemical industry, petroleum industry, automotive industry, electronic industry, meatpacking industry, hospitality industry, food industry, fish industry, software industry, paper industry, entertainment industry, semiconductor industry, cultural industry, poverty industry

labor-intensive industry - capital-intensive industry

light industry - heavy industry

Proto-industry

Industrial development

The industrial revolution led to the development of factories for large-scale production, with consequent changes in society. Originally the factories were steam-powered, but later transitioned to electricity once an electrical grid was developed. The mechanized assembly line was introduced to assemble parts in a repeatable fashion, with individual workers performing specific steps during the process. This led to significant increases in efficiency, lowering the cost of the end process. Later automation was increasingly used to replace human operators. This process has accelerated with the development of the computer and the robot.

Declining industries

Historically certain manufacturing industries have gone into a decline due to various economic factors, including the development of replacement technology or the loss of competitive advantage. An example of the former is the decline in carriage manufacturing when the automobile was mass-produced.

A recent trend has been the migration of prosperous, industrialized nations toward a post-industrial society. This is manifested by an increase in the service sector at the expense of manufacturing, and the development of an information-based economy, the so-called informational revolution. In a post-industrial society, manufacturing is relocated to economically more favourable locations through a process of off-shoring.

The major difficulty for people looking to measure manufacturing industries outputs and economic effect is finding a measurement which is stable historically. Traditionally, success has been measured in the number of jobs created. The lowering of employee numbers in the manufacturing sector has been assumed to be caused by a decline in the competitiveness of the sector. The truth however is that it has been caused by the introduction of the lean manufacturing process. Eventually, this will lead to competing product lines being managed by one of two people, as is already the case in the cigarette manufacturing industry.

Related to this change is the upgrading of the quality of the produce being manufactured. While it is easy to produce a low tech, low skill product, the ability to manufacture high quality products is limited to companies with a high skilled staff.

Society

An industrial society can be defined in many ways. Today, industry is an important part of most societies and nations. A government must have some kind of industrial policy, regulating industrial placement, industrial pollution, financing and industrial labor.

Industrial labour

In an industrial society, industry employs a major part of the population. This occurs typically in the manufacturing sector. A labor union is an organization of workers who have banded together to achieve common goals in key areas such as wages, hours, and working conditions. The trade union, through its leadership, bargains with the employer on behalf of union members (rank and file members) and negotiates labor contracts with employers. This movement first rose among industrial workers.

War

The industrial revolution changed warfare, with mass-produced weaponry and supplies, machine-powered transportation, mobilization, the total war concept and weapons of mass destruction. Early instances of industrial warfare were the Crimean War and the American Civil War, but its full potential showed during the world wars. See also military-industrial complex, arms industry, military industry and modern warfare.

ISIC

ISIC (Rev.4) stands for International Standard Industrial Classification of all economic activities, the most complete and systematic industrial classification made by United Nations Statistics Division.

ISIC Rev.4 is a standard classification of economic activities arranged so that entities can be classified according to the activity they carry out. The categories of ISIC at the most detailed level (classes) are delineated according to what is, in most countries, the customary combination of activities described in statistical units, and considers the relative importance of the activities included in these classes.

While ISIC Rev.4 continues to use criteria such as input, output and use of the products produced, more emphasis has been given to the character of the production process in defining and delineating ISIC classes.

List of countries by industrial output

+Industrial output in 2010 (Nominal)	! Rank	! Country	! Output in billions of US$
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+Industrial output in 2010 (PPP)	! Rank	! Country	! Output in billions of US$
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See also

North American Industry Classification System

North American Product Classification System

Standard Industrial Classification

Industry information

References

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name	Phil Bartlett
state senate	Maine
district	6th
term start	December 2004
birth date
residence	Gorham, Maine
party	Democrat
occupation	Attorney
religion	Congregationalist
website	philbartlett.com }}

Phil Bartlett (born September 24, 1976) is an American lawyer and politician from the state of Maine. A Democrat, he serves in the Maine Senate, representing the 6th district which is composed of Scarborough, Westbrook and his hometown of Gorham.

Early life and career

Raised in Gorham, Bartlett attended Gorham public schools, graduating from Gorham High School in 1994. He was an active boy scout throughout his youth, attaining the rank of Eagle Scout. On leaving high school, he went to Tufts University, majoring in economics and political science. Following Tufts, he attended Harvard Law School, where he earned a J.D. and served as president of the ''Harvard Journal on Legislation''.

Admitted to practice law in Maine and Massachusetts, he spent the year following his law school graduation clerking for Leigh Saufley, chief justice of the Maine Supreme Judicial Court. He is today a lawyer specializing in workers' compensation with the firm of Scaccia, Lenkowski, Aranson & Bartlett in Sanford, Maine.

In politics

In 2004, at the age of 28, Bartlett ran for the Maine Senate in the 6th district. He won the Democratic primary election held on June 8, 2004, taking 59% of the vote against Gorham resident Edward Needham. In the general election held on November 2, he faced incumbent Sen. Carolyn Gilman, a Republican from Westbrook, defeating her by 53% to 47% – a margin of 1,168 votes. He won re-election in 2006, 2008 and 2010. Term limits will prevent him from seeking a fifth term in 2012.

Bartlett served as senate majority leader in the 124th Legislature (2009–10), losing the position following the 2010 election that saw Republicans take back the senate majority.

Personal

Bartlett has been involved in numerous civic associations, serving as president of the Gorham Historical Society and the Baxter Memorial Library Association. He has also served on the boards of the Presumpscot Regional Land Trust, the Gorham Economic Development Corporation, the Gorham Recreation Advisory Board and the Cumberland County Human Services Advisory Committee. He attends the First Parish Congregational Church in Gorham.

Bartlett is openly gay. He is one of two openly gay members of the Maine Legislature, alongside Representative Terry Morrison (D–South Portland). He has one daughter.

References

External links

Legislative homepage

Campaign website

Category:1976 births Category:Living people Category:People from Gorham, Maine Category:Maine lawyers Category:Maine State Senators Category:Maine Democrats Category:Harvard Law School alumni Category:Tufts University alumni Category:Gay politicians Category:LGBT state legislators of the United States